Sick Day Management

​When you’re sick with a cold, flu, or infection, your blood sugar levels can rise, potentially leading to serious health issues like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). It’s crucial to have a plan in place for managing your diabetes during illness.​

Preparing for Sick Days

Work with your healthcare team to develop a sick-day plan tailored to your needs. It should include:​

• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Determine how often to check your blood sugar levels during illness.​

• Ketone Testing: Ask if you should test for ketones in your blood or urine, especially if you have type 1 diabetes.​

• Medication Adjustments: Discuss whether changes to your diabetes medications are necessary when you’re sick.​

• Nutrition and Hydration: Learn what foods and fluids are recommended when you’re unable to follow your regular meal plan.​

• When to Seek Medical Help: Identify situations that require contacting your healthcare provider.​

Action Steps for Insulin Users

If you use insulin, follow these guidelines during illness:​

• Continue Insulin Therapy: Take your insulin as prescribed, even if you’re vomiting or unable to eat. Consult your doctor about adjusting your insulin dose based on blood sugar readings.​

• Frequent Blood Sugar Checks: Monitor your blood sugar at least every 3 to 4 hours and record the results.​

• Maintain Hydration: Drink at least 8 ounces of fluid every hour while awake to prevent dehydration.​

• Manage Food Intake: If you can’t eat solid foods, consume liquids with carbohydrates to maintain energy. Aim for 50 grams of carbohydrates every 3 to 4 hours. Examples include fruit juice, regular (non-diet) soda, or sports drinks.​

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Reach out to your healthcare team if you experience any of the following:​

• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea for more than 6 hours.​

• Fever over 101°F lasting more than 24 hours.​

• Blood sugar levels above 300 mg/dL that don’t respond to insulin.​

• Moderate to large ketones in urine or blood.​

• Signs of dehydration, such as dizziness or reduced urination.​

Having a sick-day plan and following these steps can help you manage your diabetes effectively during illness and reduce the risk of complications.​